The“desmusgue” is a process wherein epiphytes are removed from coffee bushes to increase production but its benefits are largely anecdotal. The main aim of this study was to find out whether this practice effectively increases coffee production, its cost-benefit and its effect on epiphyte biodiversity. We found that coffee bushes of Coffea arabica and C. canephora that had epiphytes removed produced more fruits than those with epiphytes. However, the increase in production and in farmer's incomes were highly variable. This practice clearly endangers epiphyte biodiversity. In order to protect epiphytes and farmer income, farmers should be informed of the impact of “desmusgue” on epiphytes, and the consequences of biodiversity loss. In addition, coffee certification programs that subsidize epiphyte-friendly practices, and protected areas and community reserves that favor epiphytes should be established.