Coffee agroecology: a new approach to unferstanding agricultural biodiversity, ecosystem services and sustainable development / Ivette Perfecto and John Vandermeer

Incluye bibliografía: páginas 290-327 e índice: páginas 328-336

List of figures.. List of tables.. Preface.. 1 Wake up and smell the coffee (or a tale of two farms.. Introduction.. Example 1. the farm as a component of industrial eriterpriie.. Example 2: the farm as part ofriature.. The philosophical/methodo1ogical approach of this book.. The coffee agroecosystem as a model system.. 2 A biodiverse cup of coffee: coffee agroforests as repositories of tropical biodiversity.. Background to biodiversity.. Taxonomic biases.. Geographic bias.. The agricultural connection.. Not all agriculture is the same.. Historical roots of agricultura1 transformation and biodiversity loss.. Biodiversity on the farm.. Intensification and biodiveriity: coffee as a model system.. The intensification gradient in coffee.. Costa Rira, coffee intensification and biodiversity: a case study.. Three decader of biodiversity research in coffee agoecosystems.. Pioneering biodiversity research in the coffee agroecosystem.. Biodiversity loss and coffee intensification: what causes the pattern?.. Balancing ecological and economic variables: optimality under constan conditions.. 3 The coffee agroecosystem as a high-quality matrix.. The coffee system and biodiversity debates.. Bringing dynamics into the picture.. Foundational arguments.. The ubiquitousness of extinctions.. Interfragment migrations.. The dynamics of extinctions and migrations in fragmented habitats: a theoretical approach.. Landscape structure and interfragment dynamics.. The basic elements of the matrix.. A meanjield approach to propagating sinks and ephemeral sources.. Conclusion.. 4 Space matters: large-scale spatial ecology within the coffee agroecosystem.. What do the spots of the jaguar and the distribution of ants on a coffee plantation have in common?.. Spatial patterns, power functions and the Turing process in the ant Azteca.. Spatial patterns: Turing on the farm.. Pattern and powerfunctions.. Implications of spatial patterns for system dynamics

Source-sink populations and metapopulations.. Coccus viridis: a metapopulation or a source-sink population?.. The great transformation.. Population density.. The idea of regime change.. Changes in spatial patterns of Azteca.. Regime change and the assumed Turing suppressor.. Alternatives for the suppressive force: food web elements.. The Effect of a Fungal Disease on Spatial Patterns.. The Effect of a Myrmecophilous Beetle on Spatial Patterns.. Summary.. 5 Who's eating whom and how: trophic and trait-mediated cascades in the coffee agroecosystem.. Birds: from icons of biodiversity to functional components of agroecosystems.. Omnivory and its place in food web structure.. Theoretical framework: omnivory and its relatives.. Theoretical framework: coupled oscillators.. Herbivores and their arthropod and vertebrate predators.. Teasing out the trophir structure in the coffee agroecosystem.. Trait-mediated effects in food webs.. What is trait mediation?.. Conceptualizing trait-mediated effects as fundamental non-linearities.. The complicated system of trait-mediated interactions associated with the Azteca ant.. Trait-mediated indirect effects as coupling agents in food webs.. 6 Interactions across spatial scales.. Introduction.. Small-scale patterns in the ant community.. Ecological competition and spatial pattern: the theory.. Natural history and spatial pattern: the special case of ants.. The major players in small-scale structuring.. The nature of the small-scale spatial pattern.. Interaction of the two spatial patterns and consequences for biological control.. Ants as predators of coffee pests.. The dialectics of predation and spatial structure.. 7 Biodiversity and ecosystem services.. Introduction: the nature of ecosystem services.. Pest management.. Our approach .. Vertebrate insectivores.. Ants as predators.. Azteca and the pest control complex.. The Green Coffee Scale and the Myrmecophylous Beetle.. The Coffee Rust Disease.. The Coffee Leaf Miner

The Pest Control Complex I.. Connecting Azteca With the Other ant Predators.. The Pest Control Complex II.. Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change.. Pollination Services.. Bees and Coffee Yield.. Interactions between Pollinators and Other Organisms.. Conclusion.. 8 Coffee, the agroecological landscape and farmers' livelihoods.. The interpenetration of farmers' and biodiversity issues.. The historical trajectory of biodiversity conservation in tropical lands.. The key biodiversity versus agriculture debates (SLOSS, FT, LSLS.. The key farming debates: the ideology of "intensification".. The matrix quality model.. The importance of extinction in the matrix model.. What is in the matrix?.. Connecting the matrix to broader socioeconomic structures.. An alternative framework: the New Rurality.. The convergence of food production with nature conservation.. 9 Syndromes of coffee production: embracing sustainability.. Syndromes of production as ecological regimes.. Dynamic background for syndromes.. The theory.. Educating the intuition about Q.. The case of coffee syndromes.. Self-generating dynamics of agricultural syndromes.. Biodiversity and function, conservation and matrix quality: the ecology and political ecology of coffee syndromes.. Referentes Index

Based on principles of the conservation and optimization of biodiversity and of equity and sustainability, this book focuses on the ecology of the coffee agroecosystem as a model for a sustainable agricultural ecosystem. It draws on the authors' own research conducted over the last twenty years as well as incorporating the vast literature that has been generated on coffee agroecosystems from around the world. The book uses an integrated approach that weaves together various lines of research to understand the ecology of a very diverse tropical agroforestry system. Key concepts explored include biodiversity patterns, metapopulation dynamics and ecological networks. These are all set in a socioeconomic and political framework which relates them to the realities of farmers' livelihoods. The authors provide a novel synthesis that will generate new understanding and can be applied to other examples of sustainable agriculture and food production. This synthesis also explains the ecosystem services provided by the approach, including the economic, fair trade and political aspects surrounding this all-important global commodity. eng